<section><h2><h2><strong>TOEFL iBT Practice Test</strong></h2></h2><p><p dir="ltr"><strong><span style="font-size:12px;">This test measures your ability to use English in an academic context. There are 3 sections:</span></strong></p><p dir="ltr">In the <strong>Reading</strong> section, you will read a passage and answer 6 questions about them.</p><p dir="ltr">In the <strong>Listening</strong> section, you will hear several conversations and lectures and answer 6 questions about them.</p><p dir="ltr">In the <strong>Grammar and Vocabulary</strong> section, you will answer 10 questions as a resource for skill building in English for academic purpose</p><p dir="ltr">You should work quickly but carefully on the Reading and Listening questions. Some questions are more difficult than others, but try to answer each one to the best of your ability. If you are not sure of the answer to a question, make the best guess that you can. Try to answer every one of these as completely as possible in the time allowed.</p><p dir="ltr">After you click <strong>Next</strong>, you <strong>cannot go back</strong> to the previous question.</p><p dir="ltr">Click <strong>Continue</strong> to go on.</p></p></section><section><h2><span style="font-size:1.5em;">The word </span><strong style="font-size:1.5em;">pest</strong><span style="font-size:1.5em;"> in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by:</span></h2><p><p style="text-align:center;"><strong>KUDZU</strong></p><p>Kudzu, a pretty plant with hardy vines, large leaves, and bright purple or magenta flowers, is a plant that is well-thought of in many parts of the world but has now come to be viewed as pretty much of a problem in the United States. <strong>It</strong> has a good reputation throughout much of Asia because of its many potential benefits. However, its unique situation in the United States has caused it to be viewed as an unwelcomed guest and <strong>pest</strong> in spite of any potential applications it might have.<br /><br />Kudzu did not exist in the United States prior to the 19th century. In 1876 it was introduced to the country at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, a giant fair <strong>run</strong> by the U.S. government to celebrate one hundred years of independence; countries from around the world were invited to exhibit there, and kudzu was introduced to Americans there because it was considered such a special plant. Kudzu had been in use in Asia for at least two thousand years. A medicinal tea known as <em>ge-gen</em> in Chinese could be prepared from its roots and used to treat a variety of illnesses and ailments, including fevers, colds, allergies, indigestion, and migraine headaches. Fibers from the vine of the plants could be used to make such woven products as baskets, floor and window coverings, and paper. In addition, different parts of the plant could be used in a variety of food products, including its use as a thickening agent in jellies, syrups, and sauces and as a flour in breads, cookies, and cakes.<br /><br />Kudzu was initially regarded as a beneficial plant, one whose use should be encouraged in the United States. It was planted on public and private lands throughout the southeastern section of the country, as ground cover to prevent soil erosion and as forage for cows, goats, and pigs. Government programs were even established to support increased planting of kudzu. By the 1970s, however, kudzu was recognized as much more of a hindrance than a help.<br /><br />The problems that have been experienced with kudzu are related to the facts that it grows extremely rapidly, covers just about anything, and is remarkably difficult to wipe out. The speed with which it grows is legendary. In warmer weather, it can grow about a foot (.30 meters) in a day, and it will grow over virtually anything in its path. With that rate of growth, you could leave <strong>a car parked in front of your house</strong> and go on vacation for a week or ten days, only to return and find your car covered in kudzu. It covers anything that you leave in your yard and even enters your house through windows that have been left open during summer heat. It covers trees and other plants and eventually kills them by cutting them off from sunlight. At this point, it has covered millions of acres of forests in the South and is endangering the trees in these forests, and farmers have an ongoing battle trying to keep kudzu from covering and decimating their crops.<br /><br /><strong>11A</strong> Once kudzu infests an area, it can be very difficult to eradicate. <strong>Merely cutting the plant does little to halt its growth in that its roots burrow deep underground and leaves and vines that are cut on the surface quickly grow back.</strong> <strong>11B</strong> Poisons have been used to eradicate it, but unfortunately the same pesticides that wipe out kudzu also damage the soil for other plants. <strong>11C</strong> Interestingly, one of the more effective ways that has been found to keep kudzu in check is to release a herd of goats on a patch of kudzu because the goats really enjoy munching on it. <strong>11D</strong><br /><br />There is a good reason that this plant is much more of a pest in the United States than it is in other parts of the world where it grows naturally. Kudzu has many natural enemies that inhibit its growth and help to keep it in line. However, kudzu is not native to the United States and was instead imported into the country. Unfortunately, its natural enemies do not exist in the United States as they do in other places, so there is little to impede its growth in the United States, … except for perhaps a few goats.</p></p></section><section><h3><h2>Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a possible use for kudzu?</h2></h3><p><p style="text-align:center;"><strong>KUDZU</strong></p><p>Kudzu, a pretty plant with hardy vines, large leaves, and bright purple or magenta flowers, is a plant that is well-thought of in many parts of the world but has now come to be viewed as pretty much of a problem in the United States. <strong>It</strong> has a good reputation throughout much of Asia because of its many potential benefits. However, its unique situation in the United States has caused it to be viewed as an unwelcomed guest and <strong>pest</strong> in spite of any potential applications it might have.<br /><br />Kudzu did not exist in the United States prior to the 19th century. In 1876 it was introduced to the country at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, a giant fair <strong>run</strong> by the U.S. government to celebrate one hundred years of independence; countries from around the world were invited to exhibit there, and kudzu was introduced to Americans there because it was considered such a special plant. Kudzu had been in use in Asia for at least two thousand years. A medicinal tea known as <em>ge-gen</em> in Chinese could be prepared from its roots and used to treat a variety of illnesses and ailments, including fevers, colds, allergies, indigestion, and migraine headaches. Fibers from the vine of the plants could be used to make such woven products as baskets, floor and window coverings, and paper. In addition, different parts of the plant could be used in a variety of food products, including its use as a thickening agent in jellies, syrups, and sauces and as a flour in breads, cookies, and cakes.<br /><br />Kudzu was initially regarded as a beneficial plant, one whose use should be encouraged in the United States. It was planted on public and private lands throughout the southeastern section of the country, as ground cover to prevent soil erosion and as forage for cows, goats, and pigs. Government programs were even established to support increased planting of kudzu. By the 1970s, however, kudzu was recognized as much more of a hindrance than a help.<br /><br />The problems that have been experienced with kudzu are related to the facts that it grows extremely rapidly, covers just about anything, and is remarkably difficult to wipe out. The speed with which it grows is legendary. In warmer weather, it can grow about a foot (.30 meters) in a day, and it will grow over virtually anything in its path. With that rate of growth, you could leave <strong>a car parked in front of your house</strong> and go on vacation for a week or ten days, only to return and find your car covered in kudzu. It covers anything that you leave in your yard and even enters your house through windows that have been left open during summer heat. It covers trees and other plants and eventually kills them by cutting them off from sunlight. At this point, it has covered millions of acres of forests in the South and is endangering the trees in these forests, and farmers have an ongoing battle trying to keep kudzu from covering and decimating their crops.<br /><br /><strong>11A</strong> Once kudzu infests an area, it can be very difficult to eradicate. <strong>Merely cutting the plant does little to halt its growth in that its roots burrow deep underground and leaves and vines that are cut on the surface quickly grow back.</strong> <strong>11B</strong> Poisons have been used to eradicate it, but unfortunately the same pesticides that wipe out kudzu also damage the soil for other plants. <strong>11C</strong> Interestingly, one of the more effective ways that has been found to keep kudzu in check is to release a herd of goats on a patch of kudzu because the goats really enjoy munching on it. <strong>11D</strong><br /><br />There is a good reason that this plant is much more of a pest in the United States than it is in other parts of the world where it grows naturally. Kudzu has many natural enemies that inhibit its growth and help to keep it in line. However, kudzu is not native to the United States and was instead imported into the country. Unfortunately, its natural enemies do not exist in the United States as they do in other places, so there is little to impede its growth in the United States, … except for perhaps a few goats.</p></p></section><section><h3><h2>Why does the author mention <em>a car parked in front of your house </em>in paragraph 4?</h2></h3><p>The problems that have been experienced with kudzu are related to the facts that it grows extremely rapidly, covers just about anything, and is remarkably difficult to wipe out. The speed with which it grows is legendary. In warmer weather, it can grow about a foot (.30 meters) in a day, and it will grow over virtually anything in its path. With that rate of growth, you could leave <strong>a car parked in front of your house</strong> and go on vacation for a week or ten days, only to return and find your car covered in kudzu. It covers anything that you leave in your yard and even enters your house through windows that have been left open during summer heat. It covers trees and other plants and eventually kills them by cutting them off from sunlight. At this point, it has covered millions of acres of forests in the South and is endangering the trees in these forests, and farmers have an ongoing battle trying to keep kudzu from covering and decimating their crops.</p></section><section><h3><h2>Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 5?<em> </em></h2><h2><em>Incorrect </em>choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.</h2></h3><p><strong>11A</strong> Once kudzu infests an area, it can be very difficult to eradicate. <strong>Merely cutting the plant does little to halt its growth in that its roots burrow deep underground and leaves and vines that are cut on the surface quickly grow back.</strong> <strong>11B</strong> Poisons have been used to eradicate it, but unfortunately the same pesticides that wipe out kudzu also damage the soil for other plants. <strong>11C</strong> Interestingly, one of the more effective ways that has been found to keep kudzu in check is to release a herd of goats on a patch of kudzu because the goats really enjoy munching on it. <strong>11D</strong></p></section><section><h3><h2>Look at 11A, 11B, 11C, and 11D that indicate where the following sentence can be added to paragraph 5:</h2><h2><strong><em>Kudzu is apparently quite a gourmet treat for a goat.</em></strong></h2></h3><p><strong>11A</strong> Once kudzu infests an area, it can be very difficult to eradicate. <strong>Merely cutting the plant does little to halt its growth in that its roots burrow deep underground and leaves and vines that are cut on the surface quickly grow back.</strong> <strong>11B</strong> Poisons have been used to eradicate it, but unfortunately the same pesticides that wipe out kudzu also damage the soil for other plants. <strong>11C</strong> Interestingly, one of the more effective ways that has been found to keep kudzu in check is to release a herd of goats on a patch of kudzu because the goats really enjoy munching on it. <strong>11D</strong></p></section><section><h3><h2 style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Directions: </strong>An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting <em>the </em>THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. <strong>This question is worth 3 points.</strong></h2><h2 style="text-align:justify;"><strong>T</strong><strong>his passage discusses the situation with kudzu in the United States. </strong>(<em>Choose three answers for this question.</em>)<strong></strong></h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>How is the information in the discussion organized?</h2></h3><p>In this section of the test, you will listen to a discussion in an earth science class.</p></section><section><h3><h2>Why do the avalanches discussed occur?</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>Listen again to part of the passage. Then answer the question.<br /><em>What does the professor mean when he says this:</em></h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>According to the discussion, why are hard slab avalanches dangerous?</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>What can be inferred from the discussion about soft slabs?</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>Which of the following is mentioned as a condition that must exist in order for an avalanche to be possible?</h2><h2><em>Click on 3 answers.</em></h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>... ideas have many different things connected to them or may be difficult to understand.</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>The Heteropoda venatoria, otherwise known as the Huntsman spider, is the largest spider commonly ... indoors in Florida.</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>Select the appropriate definition of the underlined academic formula:</h2><h2><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em>In terms of</em></span><em> the order of population size in sovereign states, China would appear at the top of the list and the Vatican City would appear at the end.</em></h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>I couldn't live without books. I'm very happy ... a good book by the fire in the evenings.</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>... the show is over, guests <em>may </em>come backstage to get autographs if they wish.</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>... should the prize be awarded?</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>The new album by Lady Gaga is probably her most original work. Her previous work has never disappointed her fans, and neither ... . </h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2> If he ... harder, he would have passed the exam.</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>... that his wife is dead, Jane returns and marries him.</h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2>The school committee has once failed to fulfil its promises, ... ?</h2></h3></section><section><h2></h2></section><section><h3></h3></section><section><h3><h2><strong>[copy]</strong></h2></h3></section><section><h3><h2><strong>[copy]</strong></h2></h3></section>
